Sustainability discussions breed controversy, often pitting animal products and meat alternatives against each other. However, this dichotomous framing may impede critical research, as innovators across both sectors work to reduce the environmental impact of food production.

A recent review by UC Davis’ Department of Animal Science calls for a broader understanding of eco-friendly diets in order to also consider its implications for global food systems, adequate nutrition and food security. 

“It’s not a simple topic,” Dr. Alison Van Eenennaam, the cooperative extension specialist and head of the Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Lab, said.  “There are many nuances of sustainability and it’s getting sold in a way that doesn’t appreciate the tradeoffs.”

Diets in low to middle income countries are primarily composed of plant based foods due to the high prices of animal-sourced foods. 

“Because they can’t afford animal source food products, they’re malnourished because they’re lacking essential nutrients,” Van Eenennaam said. “So even if you don’t want to eat animals, there is a role for animals in sustainability discussions.” 

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