The Environmental Working Group’s Dirty Dozen list is based on the number of pesticide residue detections found on foods, but it lacks context regarding what dose of pesticide exposure is actually safe. Different pesticides have tolerance levels set for different crops, based on an acceptable daily intake level or a chronic reference dose. The USDA Pesticide Data Program samples thousands of foods every year to ensure safety. However, the Dirty Dozen list only reflects how sensitive the equipment measuring pesticide residues is and doesn’t correlate with whether the amounts are harmful.

Studies have shown that the Dirty Dozen list lacks scientific credibility, with pesticide levels in listed foods far below what would cause concern. Despite this, fearmongering around the list has led many consumers to avoid fruits and vegetables. Surveys show that concerns about pesticides cause people to avoid eating produce, which is counterproductive to public health. While there are reasons to choose organic, such as farmworker safety or environmental concerns, conventional produce is just as safe and nutrient-dense as organic options.